Public transport has become more complex. Have your measurement frameworks kept pace?

March 20, 2026

Customer experience in public transport is measured extensively, but as the sector evolves and customers’ travel patterns become increasingly complex, traditional measurement methods are being challenged.

In Denmark, public transport operators have a long and well-established tradition of seeking to understand their customers’ experiences, and for many years customer satisfaction surveys have been the primary tool for generating such insights.
However, the Danish transport landscape has evolved rapidly in recent years, with more operators entering the market and a growing diversity of transport modes. This development is reshaping the travel experience, as more journeys now consist of multiple connected legs involving different operators. At Epinion, we see this new reality as creating a need to broaden our approach to understanding customers’ travel experiences.
Epinion has extensive experience with customer satisfaction surveys, and we know they can create significant value for transport operators by providing insight into how customers experience travelling with them and how those experiences can be improved. Satisfaction surveys can also serve as a valuable tool for benchmarking and reporting, while offering useful guidance on how operators should communicate both internally and externally. This is by no means an argument for abandoning customer satisfaction surveys altogether. However, they are not always the method that yields the most valuable insights when the aim is to develop attractive services for travellers and encourage greater use of public transport.
As journeys become more complex across operators and modes of transport, a trip-level satisfaction score is no longer sufficient to understand the overall travel experience — or why customers choose one mode of transport over another.

Travel experiences are shaped by everyday life — not just by the transport journey itself 

When we at Epinion examine travel experiences in public transport, we often find that transport choices are about much more than factors directly related to the journey itself. Social relationships and obligations, health, safety, and the need for flexibility are all examples of considerations that may form part of the everyday negotiation many people have with themselves when choosing a mode of transport.
As a result, customers do not assess their travel experiences or their options for getting from A to B in the same way throughout their lives:
  • New parents prioritise logistics, space, and accessibility.
  • Young students prioritise flexibility, affordability, speed, and smooth transfers.
  • Older passengers prioritise safety, simplicity, and accessibility.
If we want to improve travel experiences and influence travel habits, we therefore need to look beyond the factors directly related to the individual trip. That is why it can be valuable to consider when customer satisfaction surveys may benefit from being expanded with new questions, perspectives, and methods.

 

Satisfaction surveys do not provide the full picture 

We typically see three challenges that are not addressed by customer satisfaction surveys. Fortunately, all three can be tackled by complementing satisfaction surveys with broader and deeper perspectives that reflect the complexity of customers’ realities and travel experiences.

 

 1) Our measurements capture only one part of the bigger picture

Even if a customer is satisfied with an individual train journey, that does not tell us how they experience the journey as a whole — or how they perceive their overall options for getting from A to B.

Solution: Broaden the perspective to include customers’ perceived mobility by asking about the overall travel experience, as well as the connections and interdependencies surrounding the journey.

 

2) We measure customers — but not those who opt out
Customer satisfaction surveys typically capture those who already use the service. But if public transport is to evolve, we also need to take an interest in the potential to attract more users.

Solution: Broaden the target group and include non-customers in the measurement approach in order to understand the barriers, needs, and perceptions of those who have opted out of this transport option.

 

3) We get a score — but no explanation

A satisfaction score can tell us whether something is working well or poorly. But it rarely tells us why, nor does it indicate what specifically needs to change in order to improve the customer travel experience.

Solution: Satisfaction surveys are often based on quantitative data, which can help identify patterns and highlight problem areas and opportunities. However, it is often valuable to complement them with qualitative questions and methods that can provide context and explanation for the quantitative findings.

 

 

Rethink your measurement approach to generate deeper, more actionable insights

If we continue to measure only individual journeys with individual operators and optimise each leg in isolation, we risk sub-optimising the overall travel experience across modes of transport and operators. When customers decide how to travel, they evaluate the journey as a whole — along with their wider mobility options. Ultimately, it is the overall travel experience that determines whether public transport is seen as an attractive choice in everyday life and whether customers feel they have good mobility options.

That is why we recommend that transport operators regularly revisit the questions and perspectives used in their satisfaction surveys. Looking back at previous surveys from time to time and considering how the perspective can be broadened is an important step towards creating greater value for customers. Used in this way, satisfaction surveys can become an active tool for developing better, more coherent travel experiences.

 

 

Per Claus Bech
SENIOR DIRECTOR
pb@epinionglobal.com

Iben Alvestad
CONSULTANT
ibal@epinionglobal.com